Dieta y riesgo de muerte y enfermedad

Nuevo artículo del The Lancet de antes de ayer abordando como la dieta está relacionada con mortalidad y días de vida perdidos por enfermedad (DALYs): enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes y cánceres en 195 países. Los que se llevan mayor carga de mortalidad y DALYs son: una dieta rica en sodio (propia de alimentos procesados y tendencia a echarle a todo sal), dieta baja en cereales/granos integrales (muy ricos en carbohidratos complejos, en línea con estudios mostrando mayor mortalidad en dietas bajas en carbohidratos y altas en proteínas), dieta baja en frutas, verduras, y nueces/frutos secos y semillas y más abajo dietas baja en legumbres. Dietas bajas en omega 3 (en suplementos preferir omega 3 de algas para que no tenga metales pesados o PCBs y otros tóxicos que no se filtran ni siquiera en omega 3 de pescados “filtradas”).

Es decir otro estudio que apoya una dieta integral basada en plantas, una whole food plant based diet: comiendo ad-libitum: verduras, frutas, cereales integrales, legumbres, frutos secos y semillas. Evitando alimentos de origen animal (que al ser altamente calóricos hacen que el consumo de los alimentos deseables baje en forma considerable, además de los efectos negativos directos que tiene: TMAO, IGF-1, Hierro heme, etc), y alimentos procesados (dejando de ser “whole grains”, quitando la fibra además de vitaminas, minerales y miles de fitonutrientes que es imposible conseguir fortificar alimentos con eso… mejor no procesarlos en primer lugar).

Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

In 2017, 11 million deaths and 255 million DALYs (disability-adjusted life-years) were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million deaths and 70 million DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million deaths and 82 million DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million deaths and 65 million DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries.

We found that improvement of diet could potentially prevent one in every five deaths globally. Our findings show that, unlike many other risk factors, dietary risks affected people regardless of age, sex, and sociodemographic development of their place of residence. Although the impact of individual dietary factors varied across countries, non-optimal intake of three dietary factors (whole grains, fruits, and sodium) accounted for more than 50% of deaths and 66% of DALYs attributable to diet.

Our findings show that suboptimal diet is responsible for more deaths than any other risks globally, including tobacco smoking.

Our assessment shows that the leading dietary risk factors for mortality are diets high in sodium, low in whole grains, low in fruit, low in nuts and seeds, low in vegetables, and low in omega-3 fatty acids; each accounting for more than 2% of global deaths.

A growing body of evidence has emerged in the past decade showing that shifting diet from unhealthy animal-based foods (eg, red meat and processed meat) to healthy plant-based foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) might be associated with lower emission of greenhouse gases and thus might be more environmentally sustainable. … the shift from animal-based to plant-based diet have also demonstrated that this shift might be associated with lower land use and water footprint.

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Referencia:

• GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1958-1972. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
• Ver en: The Lancet.com
• Ver en PubMed